Definition
Human placental lactogen (hPL) is a hormone produced by the placenta, the organ that develops during pregnancy to help feed the growing baby. This hormone breaks down fats from the mother to provide fuel for the the growing baby. It can lead to insulin resistance and carbohydrate intolerance in the mother.
A test can be done to measure the amount of hPL in the blood. The test is only done on pregnant women.
Alternative Names
HPL; Human chorionic somatomammotropin;
HCS
Why the HCS is Performed
The test is done to see how well the placenta is functioning.
How the HCS is Performed
Blood is drawn from a vein, usually on the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. The puncture site is cleaned with antiseptic, and an elastic band is placed around the upper arm to apply pressure and restrict blood flow through the vein. This causes veins below the band to fill with blood.
A needle is inserted into the vein, and the blood is collected in an air-tight vial or a syringe. During the procedure, the band is removed to restore circulation. Once the blood has been collected, the needle is removed, and the puncture site is covered to stop any bleeding.
How to Prepare for the HCS
No special preparation is needed.
How the HCS Will Feel
When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain, while others feel only a prick or stinging sensation. Afterward, there may be some throbbing.
Risks
Veins and arteries vary in size from one patient to another and from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a blood sample from some people may be more difficult than from others. Other risks are rare, but may include:
- Excessive bleeding
- Fainting or feeling lightheaded
- Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)
- Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)
Considerations
The uses of this test are limited to certain rare conditions and medical research.
Normal Results
A rising HPL value during pregnancy is normal.
What Abnormal Results Mean
Abnormal results may be a sign of abnormal (usually insufficient) placenta function.
HPL values are decreased with:
- Toxemia
- Aborting hydatidiform mole
- Choriocarcinoma
- Placental insufficiency
HPL values are increased with:
- Multiple pregnancies (twins or more)
- Placental site trophoblastic tumor
- Intact molar pregnancy
- Diabetes
- Rh incompatibility
